When Namibia gained independence in 1990,
teenager Pascolena Florry was herding goats in the country’s dry,
desolate northern savannah. Her job, unpaid and dangerous, was to protect her
parents’ livestock from preying jackals and leopards. She saw wildlife as
the enemy, and many of the other indigenous inhabitants of Namibia’s rural
communal lands shared her view. Wildlife poaching was commonplace. Fifteen
years later, 31-year-old Pascolena’s life and outlook are very different.
She has built a previously undreamed-of career in tourism and is the first
black Namibian to be appointed manager of a guest lodge. Her village, and
hundreds of others, have directly benefited from government efforts to devolve
wildlife management and tourism development on communal lands to conservancies
run by indigenous peoples. “Now we see the wildlife as our way of creating jobs and
opportunities as the tourism industry grows,” she also says. “The future
is better with wildlife around, not only for jobs, but also for the environment” (Florry
2004).
1.1. Sample Answer
Band 8
Government action on transferring authority
of wildlife and tourism management to create awareness among the local
indigenous population has not only transformed the people's outlook on wildlife
but also the country's economy and environment.
Band 7
The establishment of conservancies, run by
local communities and assisted by the government and NGOs, has been proved
successful to help developing countries to decentralize natural resources,
create jobs and improve the economy.
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